Pycnogenol® French Maritime Pine Bark Extract 100 mg
Patented Ingredient for Longevity and Vascular Health.
100 mg, 30 vegetarian capsules
Pycnogenol® — the evidence-based solution for heart health also boosts collagen for healthy skin and joints, and promotes cognitive function.
Lab Tested | Gluten free | Non-GMO | Junk Free
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Boost Blood Flow & Manage Inflammation to Optimize Health!
Support Heart Health, Optimize Your Skin´s Natural Beauty, Boost Immune and Cognitive Function with Pycnogenol® French Maritime Pine Bark Extract.
Benefits at a glance:
- Heart Health: Supports healthy circulatory and endothelial function, and boosts nitric oxide levels.
- Skin Health: Boosts collagen synthesis, elasticity, and hydration, while reducing skin fatigue and pigmentation, and limiting photo-aging.
- Antioxidant & Blood Sugar: Helps maintain healthy glucose levels, boosts antioxidant defenses, and supports healthy circulation.
- Brain Health: Improves memory, enhances cognitive function, and reduces test anxiety.
- Immune Function: Promotes healthy immune function, lowers oxidative stress, and supports a healthy response to inflammation.
Pycnogenol® Overview:
What Is Pycnogenol®?
Want to boost cardiovascular health, focus, and the appearance of your skin? Our Pycnogenol® patented French maritime pine bark extract is a proven ingredient backed by 70 human clinical trials and 150 clinical studies.
Proof Vitality’s Pycnogenol® helps you look and feel your best by assisting your body in managing inflammation, boosting collagen and hyaluronic acid production, reducing oxidative stress, and enhancing the production of endothelial nitric oxide, which helps dilate blood vessels and improve circulation.
Pycnogenol® contains a heart-healthy combination of procyanidins, bioflavonoids, and organic acids that naturally aid your body in combating the effects of aging by enhancing blood flow to all major organs.
Whole Body Antioxidant Defense
Pycnogenol® protects your heart, brain, and skin by inhibiting free-radical activity that can affect cells, tissues, organs, and even DNA. Pycnogenol® also supports healthy glucose metabolism and has shown it can help maintain already-healthy blood sugar levels.
Why Should I Take Pycnogenol®?
Why Should I Take Pycnogenol®?
The reasons are simple: to get the ultimate support for heart and vascular health, to extend your health span, and to combat the effects of natural aging.
Backed by over 40 years of research and supported by 450 scientific publications, Pycnogenol® sets the gold standard for science-based ingredients that promote longevity and heart health.
Pycnogenol®, a patented extract of French maritime pine bark, delivers potent antioxidant protection, promotes healthy blood sugar metabolism, and helps manage inflammation, and boost nitric oxide production, thereby supporting vascular health and enhancing circulation.
However, the benefits extend beyond vascular health. By improving blood flow and shielding your cells from toxicity, Pycnogenol® offers versatile support to your entire body. It moisturizes your skin, inhibits the breakdown of collagen and elastin, enhances cognitive function, and boosts immune health.
Protect your heart and fortify your body against the effects of normal aging. Give Pycnogenol® from Proof Vitality a try today.
Pycnogenol® Benefits
Pycnogenol® French Maritime Pine Bark Extract has a rich history of clinical research, making it one of the most extensively studied nutritional supplements for promoting overall health and well-being. Its benefits include:
Heart, Circulatory, & Arterial Health
Pycnogenol® supports endothelial and arterial health by helping to inhibit inflammatory factors called cytokines. It encourages healthy nitric oxide levels in the arteries, which support endothelial function and arterial blood flow. Pycnogenol® also promotes a healthy inflammatory response and platelet function.
Skin Care & Collagen Support
Pycnogenol® has been proven to stimulate collagen synthesis and enhance skin elasticity while reducing skin fatigue. With 20 clinical investigations into skin care alone, Pycnogenol® has demonstrated the ability to elevate hyaluronic acid production and moisturize the skin. It also protects against photo-aging, reduces pigmentation, and inhibits the breakdown of collagen and elastin to maintain healthy skin.
Antioxidant & Blood Sugar Support
Pycnogenol® helps maintain healthy glucose levels and boosts the body’s antioxidant defenses with its powerful phytonutrient compounds. It inhibits free-radical activity that can be damaging to cells, tissue, organs, and DNA. Additionally, it inhibits stress on delicate vascular walls and supports healthy circulation.
Brain Health, Cognition, & Memory
Pycnogenol® has been found to improve cognitive function and enhance numerical and spatial working memory. It also improves memory and test scores in college students and reduces test anxiety by 17%.
Respiratory, Allergy, & Immune Health
Pycnogenol® helps combat inflammation and normalize immune response by lowering the activity of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-ĸB), the immune cell that triggers inflammation. It protects the body from the sniffles and sneezes by promoting a healthy response to histamine and inhibiting the release of histamine from irritated mast cells.
Vision & Eye Health
Pycnogenol® acts as a potent free-radical scavenger and protects retinal lipids. It strengthens and protects retinal capillaries, enhances endothelial function of the retinal microvessels, and supports micro-circulation in the retina.
Men’s Health
Pycnogenol® significantly improves erectile function by 45 percent and supports healthy arterial relaxation. It may also counteract benign prostate enlargement and help facilitate emptying of the bladder after 60 days of supplementation. Additionally, Pycnogenol® helps stabilize muscles through the natural aging process, supporting muscular function and endurance.
Women’s Health
Pycnogenol® helps reduce abdominal discomfort and cramping in women experiencing difficult menstrual periods by 80 percent and cramping by 77 percent. It decreases tenderness during menstruation after just one month of supplementation and provides further relief after the second month. It also reduces hot flashes, fluctuations in mood, panic attacks, and other common manifestations associated with women entering the menopause transition.
Sports Nutrition
Pycnogenol® supports an active lifestyle by protecting muscles from harm during activity, enhancing performance and endurance, speeding up recovery, and getting you back in action faster.
In summary, Pycnogenol® is a powerful nutritional supplement that provides a wide range of benefits for overall health and well-being. With its proven track record of clinical research, it is a safe and effective choice for anyone looking look and feel their best.
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
Want to Know More?
Frequently Asked Questions
Pycnogenol® French Pine Bark Extract
Pycnogenol® is a natural plant extract originating from the bark of the maritime pine trees that grow along the coast of southwest France.
Pycnogenol® has been extensively studied for over 40 years to establish its safety, efficacy and quality. It is a unique combination of procyanidins, bioflavonoids and phenolic acids that offer a wide range of natural health benefits.
With over 160 clinical trials and 450 scientific publications, Pycnogenol® has been proven to be a safe and effective ingredient for men and women.
Yes, Pycnogenol® sets the bar for evidence-based supplements with over 150 clinical studies and more than 60 human trials on safety and efficacy.
Pycnogenol®’s versatility stems from its ability to boost your body’s antioxidant defenses and enhance blood flow to all your tissues and organs. It inhibits free-radical activity that can harm your cells, tissues, organs, and even DNA. Pycnogenol® also supports healthy glucose metabolism and has been shown to help maintain already-healthy blood sugar levels.
Our Pycnogenol® capsules are size “1” ( approximately 0.76 inches in length and 0.27 inches in width).
Not necessarily. Studies indicate that Pycnogenol® French Maritime Pine Bark extract is best taken in the morning and can be taken with or without food.
Pycnogenol® dried French Maritime pine extract is sourced and sustainably produced in France.
No. Based on 40 plus years of research, over 230 scientific articles, and more than 150 clinical trials, it is unlikely to be a concern if Pycnogenol® were taken for longer than 6 months. Toxicity test results have shown that Pycnogenol® is safe and well-tolerated, even at high doses over extended periods.
Proof Vitality only offers patented and well-researched, clinically studied ingredients in evidence-based dosages. Our patented and trademarked Pycnogenol® is a clinically validated, science-based health solution with more than 450 scientific publications. It is sourced and produced exclusively in France, not China.
No. Pycnogenol® does not appear to have any phytoestrogen-like activities.
It is unlikely to be a concern if combined with other products. We have not identified any known interactions between Pycnogenol® and any other dietary supplement.
We suggest discussing this decision with your health care practitioner if you take any prescription medication. However, there is no indication that Pycnogenol® would negatively interact with prescription medications based on the rigorous review of the scientific literature.
After reviewing extensive literature, we have not identified any side effects associated with taking Pycnogenol®.
References
Skin Health, Anti-Aging, Beauty From Within
1. Belcaro G, Luzzi R, Hu S, Cesarone MR, Dugall M, Ippolito E, Corsi M, Caporale S. Improvement in signs and symptoms in psoriasis patients with Pycnogenol® supplementation. Panminerva Med. 2014 Mar;56(1):41-8. PMID: 24637472.
2. Marini A, Grether-Beck S, Jaenicke T, Weber M, Burki C, Formann P, Brenden H, Schönlau F, Krutmann J. Pycnogenol® effects on skin elasticity and hydration coincide with increased gene expressions of collagen type I and hyaluronic acid synthase in women. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2012;25(2):86-92. doi: 10.1159/000335261. Epub 2012 Jan 21. PMID: 22270036.
3. Ni Z, Mu Y, Gulati O. Treatment of melasma with Pycnogenol. Phytother Res. 2002 Sep;16(6):567-71. doi: 10.1002/ptr.1085. PMID: 12237816.
4. Saliou C, Rimbach G, Moini H, McLaughlin L, Hosseini S, Lee J, Watson RR, Packer L. Solar ultraviolet-induced erythema in human skin and nuclear factor-kappa-B-dependent gene expression in keratinocytes are modulated by a French maritime pine bark extract. Free Radic Biol Med. 2001 Jan 15;30(2):154-60. doi: 10.1016/s0891-5849(00)00445-7. PMID: 11163532.
Brain Health & Cognitive Function, Neurological Support, Hearing
5. Trebatická J, Kopasová S, Hradecná Z, Cinovský K, Skodácek I, Suba J, Muchová J, Zitnanová I, Waczulíková I, Rohdewald P, Duracková Z. Treatment of ADHD with French maritime pine bark extract, Pycnogenol. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2006 Sep;15(6):329-35. doi: 10.1007/s00787-006-0538-3. Epub 2006 May 13. PMID: 16699814.
6. Grossi MG, Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, Dugall M, Hosoi M, Cacchio M, Ippolito E, Bavera P. Improvement in cochlear flow with Pycnogenol® in patients with tinnitus: a pilot evaluation. Panminerva Med. 2010 Jun;52(2 Suppl 1):63-7. PMID: 20657537.
7. Belcaro G, Luzzi R, Dugall M, Ippolito E, Saggino A. Pycnogenol® improves cognitive function, attention, mental performance and specific professional skills in healthy professionals aged 35-55. J Neurosurg Sci. 2014 Dec;58(4):239-48. Epub 2014 Mar 28. PMID: 24675223.
8. Belcaro G, Dugall M, Ippolito E, Hu S, Saggino A, Feragalli B. The COFU3 Study. Improvement in cognitive function, attention, mental performance with Pycnogenol® in healthy subjects (55-70) with high oxidative stress. J Neurosurg Sci. 2015 Dec;59(4):437-46. PMID: 26635191.
9. Luzzi R, Belcaro G, Zulli C, Cesarone MR, Cornelli U, Dugall M, Hosoi M, Feragalli B. Pycnogenol® supplementation improves cognitive function, attention and mental performance in students. Panminerva Med. 2011 Sep;53(3 Suppl 1):75-82. PMID: 22108481.
10. Ryan J, Croft K, Mori T, Wesnes K, Spong J, Downey L, Kure C, Lloyd J, Stough C. An examination of the effects of the antioxidant Pycnogenol on cognitive performance, serum lipid profile, endocrinological and oxidative stress biomarkers in an elderly population. J Psychopharmacol. 2008 Jul;22(5):553-62. doi: 10.1177/0269881108091584. PMID: 18701642.
Cardiovascular Health: Heart, Veins, Blood Pressure, Circulation, Endothelium, Nitric Oxide
11. Arcangeli P. Pycnogenol in chronic venous insufficiency. Fitoterapia. 2000 Jun;71(3):236-44. doi: 10.1016/s0367-326x(99)00164-1. PMID: 10844161.
12. Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, Errichi BM, Ledda A, Di Renzo A, Stuard S, Dugall M, Pellegrini L, Rohdewald P, Ippolito E, Ricci A, Cacchio M, Ruffini I, Fano F, Hosoi M. Venous ulcers: microcirculatory improvement and faster healing with local use of Pycnogenol. Angiology. 2005 Nov-Dec;56(6):699-705. doi: 10.1177/000331970505600607. PMID: 16327946.
13. Belcaro G, Dugall M, Luzzi R, Ippolito E, Cesarone MR. Postpartum Varicose Veins: Supplementation with Pycnogenol or Elastic Compression-A 12-Month Follow-Up. Int J Angiol. 2017 Mar;26(1):12-19. doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1363784. Epub 2014 May 29. PMID: 28255210; PMCID: PMC5330748.
14. Belcaro G. A Clinical Comparison of Pycnogenol, Antistax, and Stocking in Chronic Venous Insufficiency. Int J Angiol. 2015 Dec;24(4):268-74. doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1556060. Epub 2015 Jul 15. PMID: 26648668; PMCID: PMC4656166.
15. Cesarone MR, Belcaro G, Rohdewald P, Pellegrini L, Ledda A, Vinciguerra G, Ricci A, Gizzi G, Ippolito E, Fano F, Dugall M, Acerbi G, Cacchio M, Di Renzo A, Hosoi M, Stuard S, Corsi M. Rapid relief of signs/symptoms in chronic venous microangiopathy with pycnogenol: a prospective, controlled study. Angiology. 2006 Oct-Nov;57(5):569-76. doi: 10.1177/0003319706291392. Erratum in: Angiology. 2008 Jun-Jul;59(3):385. PMID: 17067979.
16. Cesarone MR, Belcaro G, Rohdewald P, Pellegrini L, Ledda A, Vinciguerra G, Ricci A, Gizzi G, Ippolito E, Fano F, Dugall M, Acerbi G, Cacchio M, Di Renzo A, Hosoi M, Stuard S, Corsi M. Comparison of Pycnogenol and Daflon in treating chronic venous insufficiency: a prospective, controlled study. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2006 Apr;12(2):205-12. doi: 10.1177/107602960601200209. PMID: 16708123.
17. Cesarone MR, Belcaro G, Rohdewald P, Pellegrini L, Ledda A, Vinciguerra G, Ricci A, Ippolito E, Fano F, Dugall M, Cacchio M, Di Renzo A, Hosoi M, Stuard S, Corsi M. Improvement of signs and symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency and microangiopathy with Pycnogenol: a prospective, controlled study. Phytomedicine. 2010 Sep;17(11):835-9. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.04.009. Epub 2010 Jun 25. PMID: 20579863.
18. Koch R. Comparative study of Venostasin and Pycnogenol in chronic venous insufficiency. Phytother Res. 2002 Mar;16 Suppl 1:S1-5. doi: 10.1002/ptr.1010. PMID: 11933130.
19. Petrassi C, Mastromarino A, Spartera C. PYCNOGENOL in chronic venous insufficiency. Phytomedicine. 2000 Oct;7(5):383-8. doi: 10.1016/S0944-7113(00)80059-8. PMID: 11081989.
20. Riccioni C, Sarcinella R, Izzo A, Palermo G, Liguori M. Efficacia della Troxerutina associata al Pycnogenol nel trattamento farmacologico dell’insufficienza venosa [Effectiveness of Troxerutin in association with Pycnogenol in the pharmacological treatment of venous insufficiency]. Minerva Cardioangiol. 2004 Feb;52(1):43-8. Italian. PMID: 14765037.
21. Schmidtke I, Schoop W. Pycnogenol—stasis edema and its medical treatment [in German]. Z Ganzheits Med. 1995;3:114-115.
22. Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, Rohdewald P, Ricci A, Ippolito E, Dugall M, Griffin M, Ruffini I, Acerbi G, Vinciguerra MG, Bavera P, Di Renzo A, Errichi BM, Cerritelli F. Prevention of venous thrombosis and thrombophlebitis in long-haul flights with pycnogenol. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2004 Oct;10(4):373-7. doi: 10.1177/107602960401000410. PMID: 15497024.
23. Errichi BM, Belcaro G, Hosoi M, Cesarone MR, Dugall M, Feragalli B, Bavera P, Hosoi M, Zulli C, Corsi M, Ledda A, Luzzi R, Ricci A. Prevention of post thrombotic syndrome with Pycnogenol® in a twelve month study. Panminerva Med. 2011 Sep;53(3 Suppl 1):21-7. PMID: 22108473.
24. Rodriguez P, Belcaro G, Dugall M, Hu S, Luzzi R, Ledda A, Ippolito E, Corsi M, Ricci A, Feragalli B, Cornelli U, Gizzi C, Hosoi M. Recurrence of retinal vein thrombosis with Pycnogenol® or Aspirin® supplementation: a registry study. Panminerva Med. 2015 Sep;57(3):121-5. PMID: 25971329.
25. Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, Ricci A, Cornelli U, Rodhewald P, Ledda A, Di Renzo A, Stuard S, Cacchio M, Vinciguerra G, Gizzi G, Pellegrini L, Dugall M, Fano F. Control of edema in hypertensive subjects treated with calcium antagonist (nifedipine) or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors with Pycnogenol. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2006 Oct;12(4):440-4. doi: 10.1177/1076029606292248. PMID: 17000888.
26. Cesarone MR, Belcaro G, Stuard S, Schönlau F, Di Renzo A, Grossi MG, Dugall M, Cornelli U, Cacchio M, Gizzi G, Pellegrini L. Kidney flow and function in hypertension: protective effects of pycnogenol in hypertensive participants–a controlled study. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Mar;15(1):41-6. doi: 10.1177/1074248409356063. Epub 2010 Jan 22. PMID: 20097689.
27. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospective, 16 week crossover study to determine the role of Pycnogenol in modifying blood pressure in mildly hypertensive patients. (n.d.). University of Arizona.
28. Liu X, Wei J, Tan F, Zhou S, Würthwein G, Rohdewald P. Pycnogenol, French maritime pine bark extract, improves endothelial function of hypertensive patients. Life Sci. 2004 Jan 2;74(7):855-62. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2003.07.037. PMID: 14659974.
29. Stuard S, Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, Ricci A, Dugall M, Cornelli U, Gizzi G, Pellegrini L, Rohdewald PJ. Kidney function in metabolic syndrome may be improved with Pycnogenol®. Panminerva Med. 2010 Jun;52(2 Suppl 1):27-32. PMID: 20657531.
30. Hu S, Belcaro G, Cornelli U, Luzzi R, Cesarone M, Dugall M, Feragalli B, Errichi B, Ippolito E, Grossi M, Hosoi M, Gizzi G, Trignani M. Effects of Pycnogenol® on endothelial dysfunction in borderline hypertensive, hyperlipidemic, and hyperglycemic individuals: the borderline study. Int Angiol. 2015 Feb;34(1):43-52. Epub 2014 Nov 13. PMID: 25391252.
31.) Belcaro G, Cornelli U, Luzzi R, Cesarone MR, Dugall M, Feragalli B, Errichi S, Ippolito E, Grossi MG, Hosoi M, Cornelli M, Gizzi G. Pycnogenol® supplementation improves health risk factors in subjects with metabolic syndrome. Phytother Res. 2013 Oct;27(10):1572-8. doi: 10.1002/ptr.4883. Epub 2013 Jan 28. PMID: 23359520.
Inflammation Response, Immune Function, Respiratory Health, Lung Function, Allergy & Sinus
32. Belcaro G, Luzzi R, Cesinaro Di Rocco P, Cesarone MR, Dugall M, Feragalli B, Errichi BM, Ippolito E, Grossi MG, Hosoi M, Errichi S, Cornelli U, Ledda A, Gizzi G. Pycnogenol® improvements in asthma management. Panminerva Med. 2011 Sep;53(3 Suppl 1):57-64. PMID: 22108478.
33. Hosseini S, Pishnamazi S, Sadrzadeh SM, Farid F, Farid R, Watson RR. Pycnogenol((R)) in the Management of Asthma. J Med Food. 2001 Winter;4(4):201-209. doi: 10.1089/10966200152744472. PMID: 12639402.
34. Lau BH, Riesen SK, Truong KP, Lau EW, Rohdewald P, Barreta RA. Pycnogenol as an adjunct in the management of childhood asthma. J Asthma. 2004;41(8):825-32. doi: 10.1081/jas-200038433. PMID: 15641632.
35. Wilson D, Evans M, Guthrie N, Sharma P, Baisley J, Schonlau F, Burki C. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled exploratory study to evaluate the potential of pycnogenol for improving allergic rhinitis symptoms. Phytother Res. 2010 Aug;24(8):1115-9. doi: 10.1002/ptr.3232. PMID: 20549654.
36. Otorinolaringologia 2013 September;63(3):151-61. (n.d.).
37. Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, Genovesi D, Ledda A, Vinciguerra G, Ricci A, Pellegrini L, Gizzi G, Ippolito E, Dugall M, Cacchio M, Di Renzo A, Stuard S. Pycnogenol may alleviate adverse effects in oncologic treatment. Panminerva Med. 2008 Sep;50(3):227-34. PMID: 18927527.
Blood Sugar, Glucose Metabolism, & Kidney Function
38. Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, Errichi BM, Ledda A, Di Renzo A, Stuard S, Dugall M, Pellegrini L, Gizzi G, Rohdewald P, Ippolito E, Ricci A, Cacchio M, Cipollone G, Ruffini I, Fano F, Hosoi M. Diabetic ulcers: microcirculatory improvement and faster healing with pycnogenol. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2006 Jul;12(3):318-23. doi: 10.1177/1076029606290133. PMID: 16959685.
39. Cesarone MR, Belcaro G, Rohdewald P, Pellegrini L, Ledda A, Vinciguerra G, Ricci A, Gizzi G, Ippolito E, Fano F, Dugall M, Cipollone G, Acerbi G, Cacchio M, Del Boccio G, Di Renzo A, Stuard S, Corsi M. Improvement of diabetic microangiopathy with pycnogenol: A prospective, controlled study. Angiology. 2006 Aug-Sep;57(4):431-6. doi: 10.1177/0003319706290318. PMID: 17022378.
40. Liu X, Wei J, Tan F, Zhou S, Würthwein G, Rohdewald P. Antidiabetic effect of Pycnogenol French maritime pine bark extract in patients with diabetes type II. Life Sci. 2004 Oct 8;75(21):2505-13. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2003.10.043. PMID: 15363656.
41. Liu X, Zhou HJ, Rohdewald P. French maritime pine bark extract Pycnogenol dose-dependently lowers glucose in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care. 2004 Mar;27(3):839. doi: 10.2337/diacare.27.3.839. PMID: 14988316.
42. Zibadi S, Rohdewald PJ, Park D, Watson RR. Reduction of cardiovascular risk factors in subjects with type 2 diabetes by Pycnogenol supplementation. Nutr Res. 2008 May;28(5):315-20. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2008.03.003. PMID: 19083426.
Joint Health
43. Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, Errichi S, Zulli C, Errichi BM, Vinciguerra G, Ledda A, Di Renzo A, Stuard S, Dugall M, Pellegrini L, Errichi S, Gizzi G, Ippolito E, Ricci A, Cacchio M, Cipollone G, Ruffini I, Fano F, Hosoi M, Rohdewald P. Treatment of osteoarthritis with Pycnogenol. The SVOS (San Valentino Osteo-arthrosis Study). Evaluation of signs, symptoms, physical performance and vascular aspects. Phytother Res. 2008 Apr;22(4):518-23. doi: 10.1002/ptr.2376. PMID: 18386255.
44. Cisár P, Jány R, Waczulíková I, Sumegová K, Muchová J, Vojtassák J, Duraćková Z, Lisý M, Rohdewald P. Effect of pine bark extract (Pycnogenol) on symptoms of knee osteoarthritis. Phytother Res. 2008 Aug;22(8):1087-92. doi: 10.1002/ptr.2461. PMID: 18570266.
45. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospective, 16 week crossover study to determine the role of Pycnogenol in modifying blood pressure in mildly hypertensive patients. (n.d.). University of Arizona.
Eye Health
46. Spadea L, Balestrazzi E. Treatment of vascular retinopathies with Pycnogenol. Phytother Res. 2001 May;15(3):219-23. doi: 10.1002/ptr.853. PMID: 11351356.
Active Lifestyle & Sports Performance
47. Vinciguerra G, Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, Rohdewald P, Stuard S, Ricci A, Di Renzo A, Hosoi M, Dugall M, Ledda A, Cacchio M, Acerbi G, Fano F. Cramps and muscular pain: prevention with pycnogenol in normal subjects, venous patients, athletes, claudicants and in diabetic microangiopathy. Angiology. 2006 May-Jun;57(3):331-9. doi: 10.1177/000331970605700309. PMID: 16703193.
Oral Care
48. Kimbrough C, Chun M, dela Roca G, Lau BH. PYCNOGENOL chew-ing gum minimizes gingival bleeding and plaque formation. Phytomedicine. 2002;9(5):410-413.
Men’s Health
49. D̆Uračková, Z. (2003). Lipid metabolism and erectile function improvement by pycnogenol®, extract from the bark of pinus pinaster in patients suffering from erectile dysfunction-a pilot study. AGRIS: International Information System for the Agricultural Science and Technology.
Women’s Health
50. Errichi S, Bottari A, Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, Hosoi M, Cornelli U, Dugall M, Ledda A, Feragalli B. Supplementation with Pycnogenol® improves signs and symptoms of menopausal transition. Panminerva Med. 2011 Sep;53(3 Suppl 1):65-70. PMID: 22108479.
51. Kohama T, Negami M. Effect of low-dose French maritime pine bark extract on climacteric syndrome in 170 perimenopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Reprod Med. 2013 Jan-Feb;58(1-2):39-46. PMID: 23447917.
52. Maia H Jr, Haddad C, Casoy J. Combining oral contraceptives with a natural nuclear factor-kappa B inhibitor for the treatment of endometriosis-related pain. Int J Womens Health. 2013 Dec 21;6:35-9. doi: 10.2147/IJWH.S55210. PMID: 24379702; PMCID: PMC3873204.
53. Maia H Jr, Haddad C, Casoy J. The effect of pycnogenol on patients with dysmenorrhea using low-dose oral contraceptives. Int J Womens Health. 2014 Dec 11;6:1019-22. doi: 10.2147/IJWH.S75389. PMID: 25525393; PMCID: PMC4266261.
54. Yang HM, Liao MF, Zhu SY, Liao MN, Rohdewald P. A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial on the effect of Pycnogenol on the climacteric syndrome in peri-menopausal women. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2007;86(8):978-85. doi: 10.1080/00016340701446108. PMID: 17653885.
55. Kohama T, Suzuki N, Ohno S, Inoue M. Analgesic efficacy of French maritime pine bark extract in dysmenorrhea: an open clinical trial. J Reprod Med. 2004 Oct;49(10):828-32. PMID: 15568408.
56. Suzuki N, Uebaba K, Kohama T, Moniwa N, Kanayama N, Koike K. French maritime pine bark extract significantly lowers the requirement for analgesic medication in dysmenorrhea: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Reprod Med. 2008 May;53(5):338-46. PMID: 18567279.
57. Kohama T, Herai K, Inoue M. Effect of French maritime pine bark extract on endometriosis as compared with leuprorelin acetate. J Reprod Med. 2007 Aug;52(8):703-8. PMID: 17879831.
58. Kohama T, Inoue M. Pycnogenol alleviates pain associated with pregnancy. Phytother Res. 2006 Mar;20(3):232-4. doi: 10.1002/ptr.1840. PMID: 16521117.
Hemorrhoid Support
59. Belcaro G, Gizzi G, Pellegrini L, Dugall M, Luzzi R, Corsi M, Ippolito E, Ricci A, Cesarone MR, Ledda A, Bottari A, Errichi BM. Pycnogenol® in postpartum symptomatic hemorrhoids. Minerva Ginecol. 2014 Feb;66(1):77-84. PMID: 24569406.
Edema on Long Flights
60. Cesarone MR, Belcaro G, Rohdewald P, Pellegrini L, Ippolito E, Scoccianti M, Ricci A, Dugall M, Cacchio M, Ruffini I, Fano F, Acerbi G, Vinciguerra MG, Bavera P, Di Renzo A, Errichi BM, Mucci F. Prevention of edema in long flights with Pycnogenol. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2005 Jul;11(3):289-94. doi: 10.1177/107602960501100307. PMID: 16015414.