Anti Aging Beauty Bundle

Take on Accelerated Aging with Confidence, Powered by Trusted Patented Ingredients (Ac-11®, AstaReal®, and Pycnogenol®). Ac-11® repairs your DNA, AstaReal® stands as the world’s foremost antioxidant, protecting your cells. Meanwhile, Pycnogenol® delivers unparalleled vascular support to keep your heart healthy and provide oxygen and nutrients to all your cells.

Benefits at a glance:

• Rejuvenate DNA & Lengthen Telomeres: Enhances the body's natural ability to repair DNA and maintain telomere length and integrity.
• Youthful Skin: Boosts collagen and elastin synthesis, hyaluronic acid, hydration, and elasticity, while reducing skin fatigue, pigmentation, and limiting photo-aging. Reduces wrinkle size and improves skin microtexture.
• Brain Health: Enhances memory, cognitive function, reduces test anxiety, and repairs and protects neural function.
• Immune Boosting Power: Extends the life cycle of white blood cells, supercharging your immune health to meet today's immunological challenges.
• Heart Health: Supports healthy circulatory and endothelial function, boosts nitric oxide levels, and enhances blood flow.
• Antioxidant & Blood Sugar: Helps maintain healthy glucose levels, bolsters antioxidant defenses, and promotes healthy circulation.

What is the Anti-Aging Beauty Bundle and what are the benefits of the three ingredients included in it?

The Anti-Aging Beauty Bundle combines three powerful ingredients: Ac-11®, AstaReal, and Pycnogenol, all backed by a rich history of clinical research and supported by 362 combined clinical studies. This bundle offers numerous health benefits, promoting beauty from within, enhancing mental and physical performance, and combating accelerated aging.

Ac-11® cat’s claw combats accelerated aging by helping your body repair its DNA, boosting the natural production of type-III collagen for youthful skin, and supercharging your immune health by extending the lifecycle of your killer cells. It clears toxic debris from your cells, helping your body manage inflammation and optimizing the health of all your cells.

AstaReal® natural astaxanthin extract optimizes vision and promotes the health and radiance of your skin by providing robust protection and support to all skin layers. It delivers an astonishing 6000 times the antioxidant capacity of vitamin C. Additionally, it enhances cognitive function, improves muscle endurance, supports immune function, enhances joint health, and promotes gastrointestinal (GI) health.

Pycnogenol® French maritime pine bark extract is the ultimate heart health supplement. It supports vascular performance by dilating blood vessels, increasing blood flow and nutrient delivery to all your tissues and organs. By enhancing circulation and scavenging free radicals, it also promotes youthful skin, enhances cognitive function, and helps your body manage inflammation.

The Anti-Aging Beauty Bundle includes three key ingredients: Ac-11®, AstaReal®, and Pycnogenol®. These ingredients boast a substantial history of clinical research and have been the subjects of over 362 combined clinical studies.

Our convenient one-a-day supplements deliver effective, science-based dosages to ensure potency. Our Ac-11® delivers 700 mg per capsule, AstaReal® provides a generous 12 mg per serving, and Pycnogenol® offers 100 mg per capsule.

When taken daily, these three powerful supplements offer numerous health benefits for both women and men.

Anti-Aging & Health Span

Our Anti Aging Beauty Bundle is much more than an advanced solution for skin care. We chose ac-11® because it not only helps your body repair its DNA but optimizes cellular health by promoting apoptosis (the clearing out of damaged cells). After all, it is the increase and accumulation of damaged cells (senescent cells) as we get older that causes accelerated aging and disease. AstaReal® and Pycnogenol® scavenge for free radicals and promote blood flow to keep you feeling and performing your best.

•  Supports your body’s natural ability to repair its DNA
• Maintains telomere length and integrity during cellular division
• Promotes apoptosis (Our body’s ability to clear out damaged cells)

Antioxidant & Blood Sugar

Pycnogenol® has demonstrated an ability to help maintain already-healthy glucose levels. It also bolsters the body’s antioxidant defenses with powerful phytonutrient compounds that inhibit the free-radical activity that can damage cells, tissue, organs, and DNA, as well as inhibit stress on delicate vascular walls and more. AstaReal® Astaxanthin is one of nature’s most potent free radical scavengers, having 6000x the potency of vitamin-C.

• Promotes healthy blood sugar levels already in the normal range
• Inhibits free-radical activity

Brain & Cognitive Function

AstaReal®, and Pycnogenol® have various positive physiological effects on the brain. 

Randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled studies have demonstrated that 3-months of supplementation with our patented natural astaxanthin extract (12mg/daily) boosted blood flow, improved memory, and mental quickness, and also improved multitasking and accelerated learning in seniors.

While Research reveals that Pycnogenol® French maritime pine bark extract improves cognitive function, helping to enhance numerical and spatial working memory. Pycnogenol® was also found to improve memory and test scores in college students, improving mental performance while decreasing test anxiety by 17%.

• Improves memory, alertness, multitasking, and age-related forgetfulness
• Lowers the oxidation of red blood cells, boosting brain health
• Increases capillary blood flow and blood antioxidant quality

Collagen, Hair, Nails, & Skin

The skin is the largest organ of the body and is extremely complex. It’s made up of multiple layers – each performing unique and important functions. ac-11®, AstaReal®, and Pycnogenol® provide unparalleled, proven benefits for your skin.Studies demonstrate ac-11® significantly boosts the natural production of type-III collagen in cutaneous tissue during periods of sun exposure. Type 3 collagen is what gives youthful skin its suppleness and elasticity.

AstaReal® natural astaxanthin helps to optimize the health and radiance of your skin by delivering powerful protection and support to all layers.
Pycnogenol® has been shown to stimulate collagen synthesis and to enhance skin elasticity while decreasing skin fatigue.

Pycnogenol® has demonstrated an ability to elevate hyaluronic acid production and moisturize the skin. It also inhibits the breakdown of collagen and elastin and limits photo-aging to help protect your skin while reducing pigmentation for a bright and even complexion.

• Boosts Type-III collagen production
• Promotes hyaluronic acid production
• Reinvigorates photoaged skin
• Soothes inflammation in all layers of skin
• Reduces the size of wrinkles
• Improves skin microtexture
• Enhances skin elasticity 
• Promotes bright and even complexion

DNA Repair & Telomere Health

ac-11® helps support DNA repair. The health of our cells, specifically repairing our DNA from daily damage, is believed to be a critical factor in combating accelerated aging.

Environmental factors such as pollution, ultraviolet radiation from the sun, electromagnetic radiation from our smart devices, polluted water, GMOs, and processed foods cause damage to our cells and DNA. Serious diseases, such as cancer are associated with damage to your cells and DNA due to these factors.

Our cells protect our DNA from damage with antioxidants. The body repairs or eliminated damaged cells by design through a natural process called apoptosis. When cellular DNA damage outpaces the body’s ability to repair it, physical signs of aging increase while quality of life decreases. Studies suggest a dosage of up to 700 mg of ac-11® daily may help your body defend against the natural aging process.

• Supports the body’s natural ability to repair its DNA combating accelerated aging
• Maintains telomere length and integrity during cellular mitosis
• Promotes apoptosis (our body’s ability to clear out damaged cells)

Digestion & GI Health

Gut health is the foundation for wellness, but the digestive system is the most sensitive organ in the human body. Clinical research has shown that supplementation with AstaReal® natural astaxanthin can promote gastric health by helping your body relieve gastrointestinal discomfort, protect against stomach ulcers, and balance the gut’s microbiome.

• Supports your body’s response to gastric inflammation
• Promotes microbial balance
• Eases digestive discomfort

Hearing & Vision Health

Ever worry about the damage caused by loud music and high-decibel noise? ac-11® helps your body repair neural function caused by damage due to overexposure to high-decibel noise.

Numerous clinical studies have demonstrated that supplementation with AstaReal® astaxanthin can improve the discomfort linked to Computer Vision Syndrome, such as blurred vision, eye fatigue, and eye irritation. Research has also shown that AstaReal® supplementation improves eye fatigue by quenching cellular inflammation resulting from prolonged visual stress and ciliary muscle tension.

Pycnogenol® supports eye health by acting as a potent free radical scavenger. Research has shown that Pycnogenol® outduels vitamin C, vitamin E, CoQ10, lipoic acid, and grape seed extract with its astonishing ability to protect retinal lipids. Studies indicate that Pycnogenol® strengthens and protects retinal capillaries and enhances the endothelial function of the retinal microvessels—supporting micro-circulation in the retina.

• Repairs neural function damaged by overexposure to high-decibel noise
• Combats computer eye strain and eye fatigue
• Enhances capillary blood flow
• Promotes a healthy response to inflammation of the ciliary muscle

Heart, Veins & Circulation

Get Natural Cardiovascular Support with AstaReal® and Pycnogenol® 

A growing body of clinical research has shown that AstaReal® natural astaxanthin can help to improve cardiovascular health. Studies have demonstrated that our patented astaxanthin lowers oxidative stress and inflammation, enhances blood flow in capillaries and improves lipid profiles.

Pycnogenol® supports endothelial and arterial health by helping to inhibit inflammatory factors called cytokines. It also encourages healthy nitric oxide levels in the arteries, which supports endothelial function and arterial blood flow and has been shown to promote a healthy inflammatory response and platelet function.

• Increases capillary circulation
• Promotes a healthy blood lipid profile
• Lowers oxidative stress

Immune Support

Several studies have shown that 700 mg daily of ac-11® may increase your white blood cell count and therefore enhance your immune response to combat infections and viruses. Other studies suggest it promotes a healthy response to inflammation, which may help to regulate your immune function, which may prevent your immune system from overreacting.

Like all of your body’s systems, the immune system functions better with added protection. AstaReal® significantly helps to balance and strengthen the immune system—improving its ability to defend the body against disease and illness and suppressing overactive immune responses that can result in undesirable inflammation.

Research has shown that Pycnogenol® helps your body combat inflammation and normalize immune response by lowering the activity of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-ĸB)—the immune cell that triggers inflammation.

• Promotes a faster immune response
• Balances and strengthens immune function
• Boosts antibody production
• Defends immune cells against oxidative stress

Inflammation Response

Studies demonstrate that ac-11® may help normalize the expression of the NF-kB factor in cells, therefore promoting a healthy response to inflammation. The normalization of the NF-kb factor supports apoptosis (your body’s programmed cell death) helping your body clear out damaged cells and promoting the replication of healthy cells.

Pycnogenol® contains several phenolic compounds, including ferulic acid, caffeic acid, catechin, and taxifolin, which have been shown to have potent free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory properties.

• Promotes a healthy response to inflammation

Joint, Mobility & Bone Health

Maintaining healthy joints is important because it allows for pain-free movement and mobility, which can improve quality of life.

Pycnogenol® French maritime pine bark extract has been shown to promote joint mobility and flexibility and naturally relieve joint aching by inhibiting inflammation and reducing inflammatory markers. By consuming Pycnogenol®, individuals with arthritic joints may experience less pain, reduced need for medication, and improved joint function.

• Supports joint mobility
• Promotes a healthy response to inflammation

Men’s Health

Research has shown that supplementation with Pycnogenol® significantly improves erectile function by 45 percent. The resulting arterial relaxation supports healthy erectile function by helping fill the corpus cavernosum with blood.

A study comprising 75 healthy men suggests that supplementation with Pycnogenol® may help counteract benign prostate enlargement and help facilitate emptying of the bladder after 60 days of supplementation.

• Promotes healthy erectile function
• Supports prostate health

Oral Care & Gum Health

Pycnogenol® is a standardized French maritime pine bark extract that has been extensively researched for its oral and dental health benefits. It is a potent antioxidant and can be applied in various commercial products globally displaying numerous and complex health contributions to the oral cavity.

• Inhibits bacterial growth of bacteria involved in cavities and, gingivitis
• Inhibits plaque formation
• Promotes healthy oral flora composition
• Decreases gum bleeding
• Diminishes oral malodor

Respiratory, Allergy & Sinus

Pycnogenol® French maritime pine bark extract appears to have potential in managing respiratory symptoms by reducing inflammation, inhibiting histamine release, and promoting easier breathing.

• Promotes healthy inflammation response
• Inhibits histamine release

Sports & Active Lifestyle

Research from several clinical trials suggests that Pycnogenol® supports an active lifestyle by protecting muscles from harm during activity, enhancing performance and endurance, speeding up recovery, and getting you back in action faster.

Peer-reviewed research also shows Pycnogenol® French maritime pine bark extract may be effective in curbing muscle loss that occurs with aging. It helps stabilize muscles through this natural process—supporting muscular function and endurance.

AstaReal® astaxanthin radically improves muscle endurance by supporting muscle function and boosting aerobic power. Our patented astaxanthin both scavenges for free radicals and improves your body’s response to inflammation. Studies show AstaReal® has also been found to lower lactic acid build-up and decrease fatigue.

• Improves muscle endurance and recovery
• Reduces lactic acid build-up and fatigue
• Decreases muscle damage and inflammation
• Enhances blood flow and improves the quality of red blood cells
• Increases fat metabolism by improving mitochondria function
• Boosts physical endurance
• Supports recovery from exercise
• Enhances the effect of exercise training
• Promotes fat utilization for sustained energy
• Supports mitochondrial function during physical activity
• Supports aging muscles

Women’s Health

Research has shown Pycnogenol® helps reduce abdominal discomfort and cramping in women experiencing difficult menstrual periods by 80 percent and cramping by 77 percent respectively. 

Supplementation with Pycnogenol® was shown to help decrease tenderness during menstruation after just one month and provided further relief after the second month.

Studies also reveal Pycnogenol® naturally reduces hot flashes, depression, panic attacks, and other common manifestations associated with women entering menopause transition.

• Provides support for menopausal women
• Reduces abdominal discomfort and  tenderness during menstuation

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

ac-11® References

DNA Repair, Cellular Health, Anti Aging, Life Span, & Health Span

1. Sheng Y, Li L, Holmgren K, Pero RW. DNA repair enhancement of aqueous extracts of Uncaria tomentosa in a human volunteer study. Phytomedicine. 2001 Jul;8(4):275-82. doi: 10.1078/0944-7113-00045. PMID: 11515717.

2. Pero, R. W., Hoppe, C., & Sheng, Y. (2000). Serum Thiols as a Surrogate Estimate of DNA Repair Correlates to Mammalian Life Span. Journal of Anti-Aging Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1089/rej.1.2000.3.241

3. Banne AF, Amiri A, Pero RW. Reduced level of serum thiols in patients with a diagnosis of active disease. J Anti Aging Med. 2003;6(4):327-34. doi: 10.1089/109454503323028920. PMID: 15142434.

4. Tilstra JS, Robinson AR, Wang J, Gregg SQ, Clauson CL, Reay DP, Nasto LA, St Croix CM, Usas A, Vo N, Huard J, Clemens PR, Stolz DB, Guttridge DC, Watkins SC, Garinis GA, Wang Y, Niedernhofer LJ, Robbins PD. NF-κB inhibition delays DNA damage-induced senescence and aging in mice. J Clin Invest. 2012 Jul;122(7):2601-12. doi: 10.1172/JCI45785. Epub 2012 Jun 18. PMID: 22706308; PMCID: PMC3386805.

5. Akesson Ch, Pero RW, Ivars F. C-Med 100, a hot water extract of Uncaria tomentosa, prolongs lymphocyte survival in vivo. Phytomedicine. 2003 Jan;10(1):23-33. doi: 10.1078/094471103321648629. PMID: 12622460.

6. Pero RW, Amiri A, Sheng Y, Welther M, Rich M. Formulation and in vitro/in vivo evaluation of combining DNA repair and immune enhancing nutritional supplements. Phytomedicine. 2005 Apr;12(4):255-63. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2004.01.008. PMID: 15898702.

7. Pero, R. W., Giampapa, V. C., & Vojdani, A. (2002). Comparison of a Broad Spectrum Anti-Aging Nutritional Supplement with and without the Addition of a DNA Repair Enhancing Cat’s Claw Extract. Journal of Anti-Aging Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1089/109454502763485467

8.Pero, R. W. (2009, September 1). In vivo treatment of humans with quinic acid enhances DNA repair and reduces the influence of lifestyle factors on risk to disease. Document – Gale Academic OneFile. https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA215925274&sid=googleScholar&v=2.1&it=r&linkaccess=abs&issn=09732691&p=AONE&sw=w&userGroupName=anon%7E6ddd846

9. Guthrie OW. Dynamic compartmentalization of DNA repair proteins within spiral ganglion neurons in response to noise stress. Int J Neurosci. 2012 Dec;122(12):757-66. doi: 10.3109/00207454.2012.721828. Epub 2012 Oct 16. PMID: 22900489.

Immune Health, Inflammation Response, Apoptosis, & Cellular Senescence

10. Sheng Y, Pero RW, Amiri A, Bryngelsson C. Induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation in human tumor cells treated with extracts of Uncaria tomentosa. Anticancer Res. 1998 Sep-Oct;18(5A):3363-8. PMID: 9858909.

11. Sheng Y, Bryngelsson C, Pero RW. Enhanced DNA repair, immune function and reduced toxicity of C-MED-100, a novel aqueous extract from Uncaria tomentosa. J Ethnopharmacol. 2000 Feb;69(2):115-26. doi: 10.1016/s0378-8741(99)00070-7. PMID: 10687868.

12. Sheng Y, Pero RW, Wagner H. Treatment of chemotherapy-induced leukopenia in a rat model with aqueous extract from Uncaria tomentosa. Phytomedicine. 2000 Apr;7(2):137-43. doi: 10.1016/S0944-7113(00)80086-0. PMID: 10839217.

13. Lamm S, Sheng Y, Pero RW. Persistent response to pneumococcal vaccine in individuals supplemented with a novel water soluble extract of Uncaria tomentosa, C-Med-100. Phytomedicine. 2001 Jul;8(4):267-74. doi: 10.1078/0944-7113-00046. PMID: 11515716.

Brain Health, Neurological Support, Cognitive Function, Hearing

14. Guthrie OW, Gearhart CA, Fulton S, Fechter LD. Carboxy alkyl esters of Uncaria tomentosa augment recovery of sensorineural functions following noise injury. Brain Res. 2011 Aug 17;1407:97-106. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.06.044. Epub 2011 Jun 24. PMID: 21762882.

15. Guthrie, O. W., & Xu, H. (2013b). Reduced Phosphorylation of Histone Variant H2Ax in the Organ of Corti is Associated with Otoprotection from Noise Injury. Otolaryngology, 03(01). https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-119x.1000131

16. Guthrie OW. Preservation of Neural Sensitivity after Noise-Induced Suppression of Sensory Function. J Am Acad Audiol. 2016 Jan;27(1):49-61. doi: 10.3766/jaaa.15047. PMID: 26809326.

17. Shi Z, Lu Z, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Zhao-Wilson X, Guan P, Duan X, Chang YZ, Zhao B. Neuroprotective effects of aqueous extracts of Uncaria tomentosa: Insights from 6-OHDA induced cell damage and transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans model. Neurochem Int. 2013 Jun;62(7):940-7. doi: 10.1016/j.neuint.2013.03.001. Epub 2013 Mar 14. PMID: 23500604.

Safety, Efficacy, Functionality

18. Montoro P, Carbone V, Quiroz Jde D, De Simone F, Pizza C. Identification and quantification of components in extracts of Uncaria tomentosa by HPLC-ES/MS. Phytochem Anal. 2004 Jan-Feb;15(1):55-64. doi: 10.1002/pca.740. PMID: 14979528.

19. Akesson C, Lindgren H, Pero RW, Leanderson T, Ivars F. Quinic acid is a biologically active component of the Uncaria tomentosa extract C-Med 100. Int Immunopharmacol. 2005 Jan;5(1):219-29. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2004.09.028. PMID: 15589483.

20. Sheng Y, Akesson C, Holmgren K, Bryngelsson C, Giamapa V, Pero RW. An active ingredient of Cat’s Claw water extracts identification and efficacy of quinic acid. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005 Jan 15;96(3):577-84. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.10.002. Epub 2004 Dec 8. PMID: 15619581.

21. Historical Development of Uncaria Preparations and Their Related bioactive Components. novapublishers.com.(Pero: Nova Sciences Publishers, Chapter 10, 2010)

22. McDonnell AM, Dang CH. Basic review of the cytochrome p450 system. J Adv Pract Oncol. 2013 Jul;4(4):263-8. doi: 10.6004/jadpro.2013.4.4.7. PMID: 25032007; PMCID: PMC4093435.

Antioxidant Potential

23. Brunswick Labs, Certificate of Analysis, ORAC Value results for ac-11®

24. Pero RW, Lund H, Leanderson T. Antioxidant metabolism induced by quinic acid. Increased urinary excretion of tryptophan and nicotinamide. Phytother Res. 2009 Mar;23(3):335-46. doi: 10.1002/ptr.2628. PMID: 18844285.

25. Pero RW, Lund H. Dietary quinic acid supplied as the nutritional supplement AIO + AC-11® leads to induction of micromolar levels of nicotinamide and tryptophan in the urine. Phytother Res. 2011 Jun;25(6):851-7. doi: 10.1002/ptr.3348. Epub 2010 Nov 22. PMID: 21104945.

AstaReal® References

Skin Health

1. Tominaga K, Hongo N, Karato M, Yamashita E. Cosmetic benefits of astaxanthin on humans subjects. Acta Biochim Pol. 2012;59(1):43-7. Epub 2012 Mar 17. PMID: 22428137

2. Phetcharat L, Wongsuphasawat K, Winther K. The effectiveness of a standardized rose hip powder, containing seeds and shells of Rosa canina, on cell longevity, skin wrinkles, moisture, and elasticity. Clin Interv Aging. 2015 Nov 19;10:1849-56. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S90092. PMID: 26604725; PMCID: PMC4655903.

Antioxidant Support

3. Hashimoto H, Arai K, Takahashi J, Chikuda M. The effect of aging on the antioxidative activity of astaxanthin in human aqueous humor. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2021 Mar;68(2):169-172. doi: 10.3164/jcbn.20-87. Epub 2020 Sep 17. PMID: 33879969; PMCID: PMC8046000.

4. Hashimoto H, Arai K, Takahashi J, Chikuda M. Effects of astaxanthin on VEGF level and antioxidation in human aqueous humor: difference by sex. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2019 Jul;65(1):47-51. doi: 10.3164/jcbn.18-110. Epub 2019 Apr 18. PMID: 31379413; PMCID: PMC6667389.

5. Hashimoto H, Arai K, Hayashi S, Okamoto H, Takahashi J, Chikuda M. The effect of astaxanthin on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels and peroxidation reactions in the aqueous humor. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2016 Jul;59(1):10-5. doi: 10.3164/jcbn.15-137. Epub 2016 May 21. PMID: 27499573; PMCID: PMC4933686.

6. Hashimoto H, Arai K, Hayashi S, Okamoto H, Takahashi J, Chikuda M, Obara Y. Effects of astaxanthin on antioxidation in human aqueous humor. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2013 Jul;53(1):1-7. doi: 10.3164/jcbn.13-6. Epub 2013 May 18. PMID: 23874063; PMCID: PMC3705160.

Brain Health & Cognitive Function

7. Ito N, Saito H, Seki S, Ueda F, Asada T. Effects of Composite Supplement Containing Astaxanthin and Sesamin on Cognitive Functions in People with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Alzheimers Dis. 2018;62(4):1767-1775. doi: 10.3233/JAD-170969. Erratum in: J Alzheimers Dis. 2019;68(2):839. PMID: 29614679; PMCID: PMC5900571.

8. Imai A, Oda Y, Ito N, Seki S, Nakagawa K, Miyazawa T, Ueda F. Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Astaxanthin and Sesamin on Daily Fatigue: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Two-Way Crossover Study. Nutrients. 2018 Feb 28;10(3):281. doi: 10.3390/nu10030281. PMID: 29495607; PMCID: PMC5872699.

Active Lifestyle, Muscle & Sports Performance

9. Baralic I, Andjelkovic M, Djordjevic B, Dikic N, Radivojevic N, Suzin-Zivkovic V, Radojevic-Skodric S, Pejic S. Effect of Astaxanthin Supplementation on Salivary IgA, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Young Soccer Players. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;2015:783761. doi: 10.1155/2015/783761. Epub 2015 Jun 18. PMID: 26167194; PMCID: PMC4488551.

10. Wong SK, Ima-Nirwana S, Chin KY. Effects of astaxanthin on the protection of muscle health (Review). Exp Ther Med. 2020 Oct;20(4):2941-2952. doi: 10.3892/etm.2020.9075. Epub 2020 Jul 29. PMID: 32855659; PMCID: PMC7444411.

Immune & Gut Health

11. Baralic I, Andjelkovic M, Djordjevic B, Dikic N, Radivojevic N, Suzin-Zivkovic V, Radojevic-Skodric S, Pejic S. Effect of Astaxanthin Supplementation on Salivary IgA, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Young Soccer Players. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;2015:783761. doi: 10.1155/2015/783761. Epub 2015 Jun 18. PMID: 26167194; PMCID: PMC4488551.

12. Park JS, Chyun JH, Kim YK, Line LL, Chew BP. Astaxanthin decreased oxidative stress and inflammation and enhanced immune response in humans. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2010 Mar 5;7:18. doi: 10.1186/1743-7075-7-18. PMID: 20205737; PMCID: PMC2845588.

13. Wu L, Lyu Y, Srinivasagan R, Wu J, Ojo B, Tang M, El-Rassi GD, Metzinger K, Smith BJ, Lucas EA, Clarke SL, Chowanadisai W, Shen X, He H, Conway T, von Lintig J, Lin D. Astaxanthin-Shifted Gut Microbiota Is Associated with Inflammation and Metabolic Homeostasis in Mice. J Nutr. 2020 Oct 12;150(10):2687-2698. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxaa222. PMID: 32810865; PMCID: PMC8023541.

Eye Health & Vision

14. Saito M, Yoshida K, Saito W, Fujiya A, Ohgami K, Kitaichi N, Tsukahara H, Ishida S, Ohno S. Astaxanthin increases choroidal blood flow velocity. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2012 Feb;250(2):239-45. doi: 10.1007/s00417-011-1843-1. Epub 2011 Nov 10. PMID: 22072378.

Cardiovascular Health

14. Miyawaki H, Takahashi J, Tsukahara H, Takehara I. Effects of astaxanthin on human blood rheology. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2008 Sep;43(2):69-74. doi: 10.3164/jcbn.2008048. PMID: 18818755; PMCID: PMC2533721.

15. Iwabayashi, M., Fujioka, N., Nomoto, K., Miyazaki, R., Takahashi, H., Hibino, S., Takahashi, Y., Nishikawa, K., Nishida, M., & Yonei, Y. (2009). Efficacy and safety of eight-week treatment with astaxanthin in individuals screened for increased oxidative stress burden. Anti-Aging Medicine, 6(4), 15–21. https://doi.org/10.3793/jaam.6.15

16. Tsukahara, H., Koikeda, T., Arai, T., Hayashi, H., Ohno, S., & Suzuki, N. (2008). Supplementation Effect of Astaxanthin on Blood Flow and Shoulder Stiffness -A Preliminary Pilot Study-. Japanese Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1625/jcam.5.49

Pycnogenol® References

Skin Health, Anti-Aging, Beauty From Within 

1. Belcaro G, Luzzi R, Hu S, Cesarone MR, Dugall M, Ippolito E, Corsi M, Caporale S. Improvement in signs and symptoms in psoriasis patients with Pycnogenol® supplementation. Panminerva Med. 2014 Mar;56(1):41-8. PMID: 24637472.

2. Marini A, Grether-Beck S, Jaenicke T, Weber M, Burki C, Formann P, Brenden H, Schönlau F, Krutmann J. Pycnogenol® effects on skin elasticity and hydration coincide with increased gene expressions of collagen type I and hyaluronic acid synthase in women. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2012;25(2):86-92. doi: 10.1159/000335261. Epub 2012 Jan 21. PMID: 22270036.

3. Ni Z, Mu Y, Gulati O. Treatment of melasma with Pycnogenol. Phytother Res. 2002 Sep;16(6):567-71. doi: 10.1002/ptr.1085. PMID: 12237816.

4. Saliou C, Rimbach G, Moini H, McLaughlin L, Hosseini S, Lee J, Watson RR, Packer L. Solar ultraviolet-induced erythema in human skin and nuclear factor-kappa-B-dependent gene expression in keratinocytes are modulated by a French maritime pine bark extract. Free Radic Biol Med. 2001 Jan 15;30(2):154-60. doi: 10.1016/s0891-5849(00)00445-7. PMID: 11163532.

Brain Health & Cognitive Function, Neurological Support, Hearing 

5. Trebatická J, Kopasová S, Hradecná Z, Cinovský K, Skodácek I, Suba J, Muchová J, Zitnanová I, Waczulíková I, Rohdewald P, Duracková Z. Treatment of ADHD with French maritime pine bark extract, Pycnogenol. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2006 Sep;15(6):329-35. doi: 10.1007/s00787-006-0538-3. Epub 2006 May 13. PMID: 16699814.

6. Grossi MG, Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, Dugall M, Hosoi M, Cacchio M, Ippolito E, Bavera P. Improvement in cochlear flow with Pycnogenol® in patients with tinnitus: a pilot evaluation. Panminerva Med. 2010 Jun;52(2 Suppl 1):63-7. PMID: 20657537.

7. Belcaro G, Luzzi R, Dugall M, Ippolito E, Saggino A. Pycnogenol® improves cognitive function, attention, mental performance and specific professional skills in healthy professionals aged 35-55. J Neurosurg Sci. 2014 Dec;58(4):239-48. Epub 2014 Mar 28. PMID: 24675223.

8. Belcaro G, Dugall M, Ippolito E, Hu S, Saggino A, Feragalli B. The COFU3 Study. Improvement in cognitive function, attention, mental performance with Pycnogenol® in healthy subjects (55-70) with high oxidative stress. J Neurosurg Sci. 2015 Dec;59(4):437-46. PMID: 26635191.

9. Luzzi R, Belcaro G, Zulli C, Cesarone MR, Cornelli U, Dugall M, Hosoi M, Feragalli B. Pycnogenol® supplementation improves cognitive function, attention and mental performance in students. Panminerva Med. 2011 Sep;53(3 Suppl 1):75-82. PMID: 22108481.

10. Ryan J, Croft K, Mori T, Wesnes K, Spong J, Downey L, Kure C, Lloyd J, Stough C. An examination of the effects of the antioxidant Pycnogenol on cognitive performance, serum lipid profile, endocrinological and oxidative stress biomarkers in an elderly population. J Psychopharmacol. 2008 Jul;22(5):553-62. doi: 10.1177/0269881108091584. PMID: 18701642.

Cardiovascular Health: Heart, Veins, Blood Pressure, Circulation, Endothelium, Nitric Oxide

11. Arcangeli P. Pycnogenol in chronic venous insufficiency. Fitoterapia. 2000 Jun;71(3):236-44. doi: 10.1016/s0367-326x(99)00164-1. PMID: 10844161.

12. Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, Errichi BM, Ledda A, Di Renzo A, Stuard S, Dugall M, Pellegrini L, Rohdewald P, Ippolito E, Ricci A, Cacchio M, Ruffini I, Fano F, Hosoi M. Venous ulcers: microcirculatory improvement and faster healing with local use of Pycnogenol. Angiology. 2005 Nov-Dec;56(6):699-705. doi: 10.1177/000331970505600607. PMID: 16327946.

13. Belcaro G, Dugall M, Luzzi R, Ippolito E, Cesarone MR. Postpartum Varicose Veins: Supplementation with Pycnogenol or Elastic Compression-A 12-Month Follow-Up. Int J Angiol. 2017 Mar;26(1):12-19. doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1363784. Epub 2014 May 29. PMID: 28255210; PMCID: PMC5330748.

14. Belcaro G. A Clinical Comparison of Pycnogenol, Antistax, and Stocking in Chronic Venous Insufficiency. Int J Angiol. 2015 Dec;24(4):268-74. doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1556060. Epub 2015 Jul 15. PMID: 26648668; PMCID: PMC4656166.

15. Cesarone MR, Belcaro G, Rohdewald P, Pellegrini L, Ledda A, Vinciguerra G, Ricci A, Gizzi G, Ippolito E, Fano F, Dugall M, Acerbi G, Cacchio M, Di Renzo A, Hosoi M, Stuard S, Corsi M. Rapid relief of signs/symptoms in chronic venous microangiopathy with pycnogenol: a prospective, controlled study. Angiology. 2006 Oct-Nov;57(5):569-76. doi: 10.1177/0003319706291392. Erratum in: Angiology. 2008 Jun-Jul;59(3):385. PMID: 17067979.

16. Cesarone MR, Belcaro G, Rohdewald P, Pellegrini L, Ledda A, Vinciguerra G, Ricci A, Gizzi G, Ippolito E, Fano F, Dugall M, Acerbi G, Cacchio M, Di Renzo A, Hosoi M, Stuard S, Corsi M. Comparison of Pycnogenol and Daflon in treating chronic venous insufficiency: a prospective, controlled study. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2006 Apr;12(2):205-12. doi: 10.1177/107602960601200209. PMID: 16708123.

17. Cesarone MR, Belcaro G, Rohdewald P, Pellegrini L, Ledda A, Vinciguerra G, Ricci A, Ippolito E, Fano F, Dugall M, Cacchio M, Di Renzo A, Hosoi M, Stuard S, Corsi M. Improvement of signs and symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency and microangiopathy with Pycnogenol: a prospective, controlled study. Phytomedicine. 2010 Sep;17(11):835-9. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.04.009. Epub 2010 Jun 25. PMID: 20579863.

18. Koch R. Comparative study of Venostasin and Pycnogenol in chronic venous insufficiency. Phytother Res. 2002 Mar;16 Suppl 1:S1-5. doi: 10.1002/ptr.1010. PMID: 11933130.

19. Petrassi C, Mastromarino A, Spartera C. PYCNOGENOL in chronic venous insufficiency. Phytomedicine. 2000 Oct;7(5):383-8. doi: 10.1016/S0944-7113(00)80059-8. PMID: 11081989.

20. Riccioni C, Sarcinella R, Izzo A, Palermo G, Liguori M. Efficacia della Troxerutina associata al Pycnogenol nel trattamento farmacologico dell’insufficienza venosa [Effectiveness of Troxerutin in association with Pycnogenol in the pharmacological treatment of venous insufficiency]. Minerva Cardioangiol. 2004 Feb;52(1):43-8. Italian. PMID: 14765037.

21. Schmidtke I, Schoop W. Pycnogenol—stasis edema and its medical treatment [in German]. Z Ganzheits Med. 1995;3:114-115.

22. Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, Rohdewald P, Ricci A, Ippolito E, Dugall M, Griffin M, Ruffini I, Acerbi G, Vinciguerra MG, Bavera P, Di Renzo A, Errichi BM, Cerritelli F. Prevention of venous thrombosis and thrombophlebitis in long-haul flights with pycnogenol. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2004 Oct;10(4):373-7. doi: 10.1177/107602960401000410. PMID: 15497024.

23. Errichi BM, Belcaro G, Hosoi M, Cesarone MR, Dugall M, Feragalli B, Bavera P, Hosoi M, Zulli C, Corsi M, Ledda A, Luzzi R, Ricci A. Prevention of post thrombotic syndrome with Pycnogenol® in a twelve month study. Panminerva Med. 2011 Sep;53(3 Suppl 1):21-7. PMID: 22108473.

24. Rodriguez P, Belcaro G, Dugall M, Hu S, Luzzi R, Ledda A, Ippolito E, Corsi M, Ricci A, Feragalli B, Cornelli U, Gizzi C, Hosoi M. Recurrence of retinal vein thrombosis with Pycnogenol® or Aspirin® supplementation: a registry study. Panminerva Med. 2015 Sep;57(3):121-5. PMID: 25971329.

25. Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, Ricci A, Cornelli U, Rodhewald P, Ledda A, Di Renzo A, Stuard S, Cacchio M, Vinciguerra G, Gizzi G, Pellegrini L, Dugall M, Fano F. Control of edema in hypertensive subjects treated with calcium antagonist (nifedipine) or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors with Pycnogenol. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2006 Oct;12(4):440-4. doi: 10.1177/1076029606292248. PMID: 17000888.

26. Cesarone MR, Belcaro G, Stuard S, Schönlau F, Di Renzo A, Grossi MG, Dugall M, Cornelli U, Cacchio M, Gizzi G, Pellegrini L. Kidney flow and function in hypertension: protective effects of pycnogenol in hypertensive participants–a controlled study. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Mar;15(1):41-6. doi: 10.1177/1074248409356063. Epub 2010 Jan 22. PMID: 20097689.

27. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospective, 16 week crossover study to determine the role of Pycnogenol in modifying blood pressure in mildly hypertensive patients. (n.d.). University of Arizona. https://experts.arizona.edu/en/publications/a-randomized-double-blind-placebo-controlled-prospective-16-week-/fingerprints/

28. Liu X, Wei J, Tan F, Zhou S, Würthwein G, Rohdewald P. Pycnogenol, French maritime pine bark extract, improves endothelial function of hypertensive patients. Life Sci. 2004 Jan 2;74(7):855-62. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2003.07.037. PMID: 14659974.

29. Stuard S, Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, Ricci A, Dugall M, Cornelli U, Gizzi G, Pellegrini L, Rohdewald PJ. Kidney function in metabolic syndrome may be improved with Pycnogenol®. Panminerva Med. 2010 Jun;52(2 Suppl 1):27-32. PMID: 20657531.

30. Hu S, Belcaro G, Cornelli U, Luzzi R, Cesarone M, Dugall M, Feragalli B, Errichi B, Ippolito E, Grossi M, Hosoi M, Gizzi G, Trignani M. Effects of Pycnogenol® on endothelial dysfunction in borderline hypertensive, hyperlipidemic, and hyperglycemic individuals: the borderline study. Int Angiol. 2015 Feb;34(1):43-52. Epub 2014 Nov 13. PMID: 25391252.

31.) Belcaro G, Cornelli U, Luzzi R, Cesarone MR, Dugall M, Feragalli B, Errichi S, Ippolito E, Grossi MG, Hosoi M, Cornelli M, Gizzi G. Pycnogenol® supplementation improves health risk factors in subjects with metabolic syndrome. Phytother Res. 2013 Oct;27(10):1572-8. doi: 10.1002/ptr.4883. Epub 2013 Jan 28. PMID: 23359520.

Inflammation Response, Immune Function, Respiratory Health, Lung Function, Allergy & Sinus

32. Belcaro G, Luzzi R, Cesinaro Di Rocco P, Cesarone MR, Dugall M, Feragalli B, Errichi BM, Ippolito E, Grossi MG, Hosoi M, Errichi S, Cornelli U, Ledda A, Gizzi G. Pycnogenol® improvements in asthma management. Panminerva Med. 2011 Sep;53(3 Suppl 1):57-64. PMID: 22108478.

33. Hosseini S, Pishnamazi S, Sadrzadeh SM, Farid F, Farid R, Watson RR. Pycnogenol((R)) in the Management of Asthma. J Med Food. 2001 Winter;4(4):201-209. doi: 10.1089/10966200152744472. PMID: 12639402.

34. Lau BH, Riesen SK, Truong KP, Lau EW, Rohdewald P, Barreta RA. Pycnogenol as an adjunct in the management of childhood asthma. J Asthma. 2004;41(8):825-32. doi: 10.1081/jas-200038433. PMID: 15641632.

35. Wilson D, Evans M, Guthrie N, Sharma P, Baisley J, Schonlau F, Burki C. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled exploratory study to evaluate the potential of pycnogenol for improving allergic rhinitis symptoms. Phytother Res. 2010 Aug;24(8):1115-9. doi: 10.1002/ptr.3232. PMID: 20549654.

36. Otorinolaringologia 2013 September;63(3):151-61. (n.d.). https://www.minervamedica.it/en/journals/Otorhinolaryngology/article.php?cod=R27Y2013N03A0151

37. Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, Genovesi D, Ledda A, Vinciguerra G, Ricci A, Pellegrini L, Gizzi G, Ippolito E, Dugall M, Cacchio M, Di Renzo A, Stuard S. Pycnogenol may alleviate adverse effects in oncologic treatment. Panminerva Med. 2008 Sep;50(3):227-34. PMID: 18927527.

Blood Sugar, Glucose Metabolism, & Kidney Function

38. Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, Errichi BM, Ledda A, Di Renzo A, Stuard S, Dugall M, Pellegrini L, Gizzi G, Rohdewald P, Ippolito E, Ricci A, Cacchio M, Cipollone G, Ruffini I, Fano F, Hosoi M. Diabetic ulcers: microcirculatory improvement and faster healing with pycnogenol. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2006 Jul;12(3):318-23. doi: 10.1177/1076029606290133. PMID: 16959685.

39. Cesarone MR, Belcaro G, Rohdewald P, Pellegrini L, Ledda A, Vinciguerra G, Ricci A, Gizzi G, Ippolito E, Fano F, Dugall M, Cipollone G, Acerbi G, Cacchio M, Del Boccio G, Di Renzo A, Stuard S, Corsi M. Improvement of diabetic microangiopathy with pycnogenol: A prospective, controlled study. Angiology. 2006 Aug-Sep;57(4):431-6. doi: 10.1177/0003319706290318. PMID: 17022378.

40. Liu X, Wei J, Tan F, Zhou S, Würthwein G, Rohdewald P. Antidiabetic effect of Pycnogenol French maritime pine bark extract in patients with diabetes type II. Life Sci. 2004 Oct 8;75(21):2505-13. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2003.10.043. PMID: 15363656.

41. Liu X, Zhou HJ, Rohdewald P. French maritime pine bark extract Pycnogenol dose-dependently lowers glucose in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care. 2004 Mar;27(3):839. doi: 10.2337/diacare.27.3.839. PMID: 14988316.

42. Zibadi S, Rohdewald PJ, Park D, Watson RR. Reduction of cardiovascular risk factors in subjects with type 2 diabetes by Pycnogenol supplementation. Nutr Res. 2008 May;28(5):315-20. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2008.03.003. PMID: 19083426.

Joint Health

43. Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, Errichi S, Zulli C, Errichi BM, Vinciguerra G, Ledda A, Di Renzo A, Stuard S, Dugall M, Pellegrini L, Errichi S, Gizzi G, Ippolito E, Ricci A, Cacchio M, Cipollone G, Ruffini I, Fano F, Hosoi M, Rohdewald P. Treatment of osteoarthritis with Pycnogenol. The SVOS (San Valentino Osteo-arthrosis Study). Evaluation of signs, symptoms, physical performance and vascular aspects. Phytother Res. 2008 Apr;22(4):518-23. doi: 10.1002/ptr.2376. PMID: 18386255.

44. Cisár P, Jány R, Waczulíková I, Sumegová K, Muchová J, Vojtassák J, Duraćková Z, Lisý M, Rohdewald P. Effect of pine bark extract (Pycnogenol) on symptoms of knee osteoarthritis. Phytother Res. 2008 Aug;22(8):1087-92. doi: 10.1002/ptr.2461. PMID: 18570266.

45. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospective, 16 week crossover study to determine the role of Pycnogenol in modifying blood pressure in mildly hypertensive patients. (n.d.). University of Arizona. https://experts.arizona.edu/en/publications/a-randomized-double-blind-placebo-controlled-prospective-16-week-/fingerprints/

Eye Health

46. Spadea L, Balestrazzi E. Treatment of vascular retinopathies with Pycnogenol. Phytother Res. 2001 May;15(3):219-23. doi: 10.1002/ptr.853. PMID: 11351356.

Active Lifestyle & Sports Performance

47. Vinciguerra G, Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, Rohdewald P, Stuard S, Ricci A, Di Renzo A, Hosoi M, Dugall M, Ledda A, Cacchio M, Acerbi G, Fano F. Cramps and muscular pain: prevention with pycnogenol in normal subjects, venous patients, athletes, claudicants and in diabetic microangiopathy. Angiology. 2006 May-Jun;57(3):331-9. doi: 10.1177/000331970605700309. PMID: 16703193.

Oral Care

48. Kimbrough C, Chun M, dela Roca G, Lau BH. PYCNOGENOL chew-ing gum minimizes gingival bleeding and plaque formation. Phytomedicine. 2002;9(5):410-413.

Men’s Health

49. D̆Uračková, Z. (2003). Lipid metabolism and erectile function improvement by pycnogenol®, extract from the bark of pinus pinaster in patients suffering from erectile dysfunction-a pilot study. AGRIS: International Information System for the Agricultural Science and Technology. https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=US201600076652

Women’s Health

50. Errichi S, Bottari A, Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, Hosoi M, Cornelli U, Dugall M, Ledda A, Feragalli B. Supplementation with Pycnogenol® improves signs and symptoms of menopausal transition. Panminerva Med. 2011 Sep;53(3 Suppl 1):65-70. PMID: 22108479.

51. Kohama T, Negami M. Effect of low-dose French maritime pine bark extract on climacteric syndrome in 170 perimenopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Reprod Med. 2013 Jan-Feb;58(1-2):39-46. PMID: 23447917.

52. Maia H Jr, Haddad C, Casoy J. Combining oral contraceptives with a natural nuclear factor-kappa B inhibitor for the treatment of endometriosis-related pain. Int J Womens Health. 2013 Dec 21;6:35-9. doi: 10.2147/IJWH.S55210. PMID: 24379702; PMCID: PMC3873204.

53. Maia H Jr, Haddad C, Casoy J. The effect of pycnogenol on patients with dysmenorrhea using low-dose oral contraceptives. Int J Womens Health. 2014 Dec 11;6:1019-22. doi: 10.2147/IJWH.S75389. PMID: 25525393; PMCID: PMC4266261.

54. Yang HM, Liao MF, Zhu SY, Liao MN, Rohdewald P. A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial on the effect of Pycnogenol on the climacteric syndrome in peri-menopausal women. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2007;86(8):978-85. doi: 10.1080/00016340701446108. PMID: 17653885.

55. Kohama T, Suzuki N, Ohno S, Inoue M. Analgesic efficacy of French maritime pine bark extract in dysmenorrhea: an open clinical trial. J Reprod Med. 2004 Oct;49(10):828-32. PMID: 15568408.

56. Suzuki N, Uebaba K, Kohama T, Moniwa N, Kanayama N, Koike K. French maritime pine bark extract significantly lowers the requirement for analgesic medication in dysmenorrhea: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Reprod Med. 2008 May;53(5):338-46. PMID: 18567279.

57. Kohama T, Herai K, Inoue M. Effect of French maritime pine bark extract on endometriosis as compared with leuprorelin acetate. J Reprod Med. 2007 Aug;52(8):703-8. PMID: 17879831.

58. Kohama T, Inoue M. Pycnogenol alleviates pain associated with pregnancy. Phytother Res. 2006 Mar;20(3):232-4. doi: 10.1002/ptr.1840. PMID: 16521117.

Hemorrhoid Support

59. Belcaro G, Gizzi G, Pellegrini L, Dugall M, Luzzi R, Corsi M, Ippolito E, Ricci A, Cesarone MR, Ledda A, Bottari A, Errichi BM. Pycnogenol® in postpartum symptomatic hemorrhoids. Minerva Ginecol. 2014 Feb;66(1):77-84. PMID: 24569406.

Edema on Long Flights

60. Cesarone MR, Belcaro G, Rohdewald P, Pellegrini L, Ippolito E, Scoccianti M, Ricci A, Dugall M, Cacchio M, Ruffini I, Fano F, Acerbi G, Vinciguerra MG, Bavera P, Di Renzo A, Errichi BM, Mucci F. Prevention of edema in long flights with Pycnogenol. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2005 Jul;11(3):289-94. doi: 10.1177/107602960501100307. PMID: 16015414.